Endometriosis is a complex gynecologic condition affecting 6-10% of reproductive aged women and is a major cause of chronic pain and infertility. Mechanisms of disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. Considerable evidence supports the existence of a stem cell population in the endometrium which provides a physiologic source of regenerative endometrial cells, and multiple lines of evidence now support a key role for stem cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In addition, new blood vessel formation is critical for the establishment and maintenance of endometriotic implants, a process in which endothelial progenitor cells may play an integral role. These new insights into disease pathogenesis present exciting opportunities to develop targeted and more effective therapeutic options in the management of this common and challenging disease.
Keywords: angiogenesis; bone marrow; endometriosis; endometrium; endothelial progenitor cells; mesenchymal stem cells; stem cells; vasculogenesis.