The reuse of wastepaper for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals

Wan Hazman Danial; Zaiton Abdul Majid; Mohd Nazlan Mohd Muhid; Sugeng Triwahyono; Mohd Bakri Bakar; Zainab Ramli

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.072

The reuse of wastepaper for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals

Carbohydr Polym. 2015 Mar 15:118:165-9. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.072. Epub 2014 Nov 20.

Authors

Wan Hazman Danial¹, Zaiton Abdul Majid², Mohd Nazlan Mohd Muhid¹, Sugeng Triwahyono³, Mohd Bakri Bakar¹, Zainab Ramli¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: zaiton@kimia.fs.utm.my.
³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

PMID: 25542122
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.072

Abstract

The study reports on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from wastepaper, as an environmental friendly approach of source material, which can be a high availability and low-cost precursor for cellulose nanomaterial processing. Alkali and bleaching treatments were employed for the extraction of cellulose particles followed by controlled-conditions of acid hydrolysis for the isolation of CNCs. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the cellulose particles extracted while Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of CNCs. The diameters of CNCs are in the range of 3-10nm with a length of 100-300nm while a crystallinity index of 75.9% was determined from X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesis of this high aspect ratio of CNCs paves the way toward alternative reuse of wastepaper in the production of CNCs.

Keywords: Cellulose; Cellulose nanocrystals; Nanomaterials; Wastepaper.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cellulose / chemistry*
Conservation of Natural Resources
Nanoparticles / chemistry*
Nanostructures / chemistry*
Paper*
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Substances

Cellulose