The association between water and nutrient intake in pregnant women, and wheeze in their 18 month old infants, was investigated in a prospective study. Volunteers (n=369) recruited from northern New Zealand were visited in months 4 and 7 of pregnancy. At each visit anthropometric measurements were taken, diet assessed by 24-hour recall and 3-day food records and questionnaires determining personal details administered. Eighteen months after birth, infants were measured, and questions on infant feeding and wheeze asked. Overall, mothers reported 32% of their infants had wheezed in the last 12 months. After adjusting for significant covariates and energy intake, higher maternal intakes of dietary water (p=0.009) and manganese (p=0.024) were associated with decreased wheeze, and glucose (p=0.003) with increased wheeze. Prevalence of infant wheeze decreased 18.5% from the lower to the upper quartile of water intake, and 17.4% from the lower to the upper quartile of manganese intake. Wheeze was more common in Polynesian than European infants (41.8% vs 28.9%). Polynesian mothers consumed significantly less dietary water (median 451 g less) and manganese (median 1374 μg less) than European mothers per day. Glucose was only significant because of strong association with infant wheeze at extremely high maternal intakes of >40 g/day in ~10% of the subjects. There was no association between maternal dietary supplement intake and wheeze. Mothers estimated at high risk of infant wheeze consumed less tap water, whole grains, tea, fruit; and more fruit juice, soft drink, processed meat and fish products, and refined grain products. This is the first study to report an intergenerational association between maternal water, and glucose intake with infant wheeze.
本研究为一项前瞻性研究，调查妇女孕期水和营养素的摄入与他们18 个月大 的婴儿哮鸣音之间的关系。从新西兰北部招募怀孕4 到7 个月的志愿者369 名。每次随访检测其志愿者的人体测量参数，采用24 小时回顾法和3 天的膳 食记录进行饮食评估，采用问卷调查确定入选者的个人资料。婴儿出生后18 个月，检查并询问其喂养和哮鸣音情况。总体而言，据母亲报告，在过去的 12 个月里，她们的婴儿中有32%的出现过气喘。校正重要的协变量和能量摄 入后，母亲摄入较多的水（p=0.009）和锰（p=0.024）与哮鸣音的降低有关， 摄入较多的葡萄糖与哮鸣音的增加有关（p=0.003）。与摄入最少的四分位数 相比，母亲水摄入最多的四分位数婴儿哮鸣音的发生率降低了18.5%，母亲锰 摄入最多的四分位数婴儿哮鸣音的发生率降低了17.4%。波利尼西亚婴儿哮鸣 音的发生比欧洲常见（41.8%比28.9%）。波利尼西亚母亲每天摄入的水（中 位数为451 克以下）和锰（中位数为1374 微克以下）显著低于欧洲母亲。研 究对象中约有10%的母亲葡萄糖摄入量特别高（40 克/天），其葡萄糖摄入量 与婴儿哮鸣音显著相关。母亲膳食补充剂与婴儿哮鸣音之间没有相关性。据估 计，摄入较少的自来水、全谷、茶、水果和较多的果汁、软饮料、加工过的肉 和鱼类产品以及精制谷物的产妇，其婴幼儿发生哮鸣音的危险性高。本研究首 次报道母亲水和葡萄糖的摄入与婴儿哮鸣音之间的代际关系。