Propane- d6 Heterogeneously Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen

Kirill V Kovtunov; Milton L Truong; Danila A Barskiy; Oleg G Salnikov; Valery I Bukhtiyarov; Aaron M Coffey; Kevin W Waddell; Igor V Koptyug; Eduard Y Chekmenev

doi:10.1021/jp508719n

Propane- d₆ Heterogeneously Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen

J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces. 2014 Dec 4;118(48):28234-28243. doi: 10.1021/jp508719n. Epub 2014 Nov 6.

Authors

Kirill V Kovtunov¹, Milton L Truong², Danila A Barskiy¹, Oleg G Salnikov¹, Valery I Bukhtiyarov³, Aaron M Coffey⁴, Kevin W Waddell⁴, Igor V Koptyug¹, Eduard Y Chekmenev⁵

Affiliations

¹ International Tomography Center , 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia ; Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
² Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States.
³ Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
⁴ Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States ; Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States.
⁵ Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States ; Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States ; Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States ; Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States.

Abstract

Long-lived spin states of hyperpolarized propane-d₆ gas were demonstrated following pairwise addition of parahydrogen gas to propene-d₆ using heterogeneous parahydrogen-induced polarization (HET-PHIP). Hyperpolarized molecules were synthesized using Rh/TiO₂ solid catalyst with 1.6 nm Rh nanoparticles. Hyperpolarized (P_H ∼ 1%) propane-d₆ was detected at high magnetic field (9.4 T) spectroscopically and by high-resolution 3D gradient-echo MRI (4.7 T) as the gas flowed through the radiofrequency coil with a spatial and temporal resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm³ and 17.7 s, respectively. Stopped-flow hyperpolarized propane-d₆ gas was also detected at 0.0475 T with an observed nuclear spin polarization of P_H ∼ 0.1% and a relatively long lifetime with T_1,eff = 6.0 ± 0.3 s. Importantly, it was shown that the hyperpolarized protons of the deuterated product obtained via pairwise parahydrogen addition could be detected directly at low magnetic field. Importantly, the relatively long low-field T_1,eff of HP propane-d₆ gas is not susceptible to paramagnetic impurities as tested by exposure to ∼0.2 atm oxygen. This long lifetime and nontoxic nature of propane gas could be useful for bioimaging applications including potentially pulmonary low-field MRI. The feasibility of high-resolution low-field 2D gradient-echo MRI was demonstrated with 0.88 × 0.88 mm² spatial and ∼0.7 s temporal resolution, respectively, at 0.0475 T.

Abstract

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