Estimation of legal age using calcification stages of third molars in living individuals

Sci Justice. 2014 Dec;54(6):447-50. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

Abstract

The increased number of adolescents and young adults with unknown or inaccurately given date of birth is a current issue in justice and legal medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which third molar calcification stages assessed on panoramic X-rays could be useful as additional criteria for forensic age estimation in living individuals, focusing on the legally important ages 17 and 18. In a retrospective multi-center study, the developmental stage of each individual's third molar was analyzed using Demirjian's scale in 2360 cases. Additionally, sex, age and ancestry were assessed. Individuals with the lowest calcification stage of all present molars in stage H were ≥18 years with a likelihood of ≥99.05% in the female (n=388), and ≥99.24% in the male (n=482) population. The lowest calcification stage of all present third molars proved to be useful as an additional reliable criterion for the determination of an age ≥18 years.

Keywords: Age assessment; Demirjian's scale; Forensic age estimation; Forensic odontology; Forensic science; Third molar development.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Age Determination by Teeth / methods*
  • Female
  • Forensic Dentistry
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Molar, Third / diagnostic imaging
  • Molar, Third / growth & development*
  • Radiography, Panoramic
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tooth Calcification*
  • Young Adult