The organic personality disorder is primarily characterized by a change of premorbid behavior due to an organic impairment or disease of the central nervous system. German psychopathological preliminary work had a determining influence on the current diagnostic concepts in the international classification of diseases 10 (ICD-10) and the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5 (DSM-5). An analysis of the literature in the MEDLINE database shows that most studies can be found for traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. The most common symptoms described were symptoms of depression, emotional instability, irritability and impulsive behavior. Psychopathological symptoms were not related to the etiopathogenesis but showed some relation to the neuroanatomical location of functional disorders or damages. Only few publications on treatment strategies were found. The empirical findings point to the necessity of multiaxial diagnostic measures to distinguish between the levels of etiology and symptomatology. Therapeutic interventions should be planned on the basis of psychopathological symptoms.