1 Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering Director, Technology in Anesthesia and Critical Care Group Co-Director, UVA Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address: rht7w@virginia.edu.
2 Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY, USA. Electronic address: tong.gan@stonybrookmedicine.edu.