"Is there any way I can get something for my pain?" Patient strategies for requesting analgesics

Abstract

Objective: We examined the direct and indirect means by which patients express a desire for analgesic medication.

Methods: Back pain patients presenting to an academic ED were invited to participate in a study of patient-provider communication. Audio-recorded encounters were transcribed verbatim and transcripts analyzed using a qualitative approach based on conversation analysis.

Results: Requests for analgesics were documented in 15 out of 74 interactions (20%). We identified three basic patterns: direct requests, in which the patient explicitly asked for medication; indirect requests, in which the patient hinted at a desire for medication but did not ask for it outright; and no request, in which the provider discussed a prescription without the patient requesting it.

Conclusion: Most patients did not request analgesics. When they did so, they utilized strategies of mitigation, indirection, and deference that presented themselves as deserving patients while upholding the physician's autonomy.

Practice implications: Patients come to the clinical encounter with a variety of expectations, of which a desire for an analgesic may be only part of the picture. Rather than focusing on strategies for inuring providers to inappropriate patient requests, it may be useful to devote clinical resources to examining patients' priorities and expectations for treatment.

Keywords: Medication; Pain; Patient-provider communication; Politeness theory.