Contemporary management of HIV in pregnancy remains a moving target. With the development of newer antiretroviral agents with lower side-effect profiles and laboratory methods for detection and monitoring of HIV, considerable progress has been made. This review examines key concepts in the pathophysiology of HIV and pregnancy with emphasis on perinatal transmission and reviews appropriate screening and diagnostic testing for HIV during pregnancy. Current recommendations for medical, pharmacologic, and obstetric management of women newly diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy and for those women with preexisting infection are discussed. Preconception counseling for HIV+ women as well as postpartum issues are addressed.
Keywords: HIV; Mother to child transmission; Perinatal infection; Perinatal transmission; Pregnancy; Vertical transmission.
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