Distinctive mucositis and feeding-tube dependency in cetuximab plus radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

Abstract

Objective: Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy may be considered before chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, because severe mucositis is a common complication. We evaluated the mucosal findings and necessity of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving cetuximab and radiotherapy.

Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving cetuximab and radiotherapy were analyzed.

Results: Patients' backgrounds were as follows: male/female, 8/6; median age, 64.5 years (range, 35-83 years); performance status, 0/1, 9/5. Primary tumor sites included the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx in four, seven and three patients, respectively. Patients completed a median of eight cetuximab cycles. All patients received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (median dose, 70 Gy). Thirteen patients were treated with elective neck irradiation at the ipsilateral (n = 3) or bilateral (n = 10) nodes. Grade ≥ 3 mucositis/stomatitis (clinical examination) occurred in 85.7% patients (n = 12). The median irradiation dose was 33 Gy at the Grade 3 mucositis onset. Eight patients showed mucositis with distinctive features, a wide range of white-coated lesions with a clear border; hypopharyngeal atresia was observed in two patients. Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 11 patients, and 11 patients (78.6%) actually required nutritional support because of Grade ≥ 3 mucositis/stomatitis (functional/symptomatic).

Conclusions: Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is recommended because most patients receiving cetuximab and radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have Grade ≥ 3 mucositis with distinctive features.

Keywords: cetuximab; locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; mucositis; percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; radiotherapy.