Background: Microcystic/reticular schwannoma is a recently described, rare, distinctive histological variant of schwannoma with a predilection for the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The authors experienced the first case of a microcystic/reticular schwannoma occurring in the esophagus.
Case presentation: A 39-year-old male presented for an obstructive sensation during swallowing of several months duration. Endoscopy revealed a bulging mass with intact mucosa at 30 cm from incisors in the esophagus. The mass was excised and gross examination showed it was a well circumscribed, unencapsulated nodule, measuring 3.5×3.2×1.2 cm. On microscopic examination, the tumor showed a vague multinodular appearance with a pushing border and tumor cells arranged in a microcystic and reticular growth pattern with anastomosing and intersecting strands of spindle cells in a myxoid or collagenous/hyalinized stroma. Tumor cells showed diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity for S100.
Conclusions: The authors report the first case of microcystic/reticular schwannoma of the esophagus. Microcystic/reticular schwannoma is a distinctive histological variant of schwannoma with a benign clinical course. However, its histological findings are non-specific and may cause diagnostic difficulties. Awareness of this uncommon neoplasm with distinct histologic features is essential to prevent misdiagnosis.