Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in three core behavioral areas. As prevalence rates for ASD continue to rise there is also increasing interest in finding biomarkers associated with ASD. The use of biomarkers could help identify those at risk for ASD or ASD-associated comorbid conditions and help to predict the developmental course of these children. Due to the heterogeneity of ASD, biomarkers may help to identify subpopulations within ASD that share similar traits or profiles. Such work could lead to specialized therapy and help to develop biomarkers whereby the benefits of treatments/therapies for individuals could be monitored over time and through clinical trials. Over the last 10 years, the evidence of immune involvement in ASD has been steadily growing and many investigators have begun to look at possible immune biomarkers, such as immune cytokine profiles, in children with ASD.
Keywords: autism spectrum disorders; biomarkers; chemokines; cytokines; immune system; maternal immune system.