This systematic review synthesizes the research on screening and assessment tools used to determine older adults' fitness to drive. After a comprehensive search of the literature targeting tools commonly used by occupational therapists, 64 studies were reviewed and synthesized. The evidence demonstrated that a single tool measuring cognition, vision, perception, or physical ability individually is not sufficient to determine fitness to drive. Although some tools have stronger evidence than others, this review supports using different and focused assessment tools together for specific medical conditions. Results indicate that behind-the-wheel assessment remains the gold standard for driving evaluation; however, emerging evidence for observation of complex instrumental tasks of daily living and driving simulation supports further investigation with these tools.
Copyright © 2014 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.