Abstract
Immune checkpoints, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor, programmed death 1 (PD-1), appear to be Achilles' heels for multiple tumor types. PD-L1 not only provides immune escape for tumor cells but also turns on the apoptosis switch on activated T cells. Therapies that block this interaction have demonstrated promising clinical activity in several tumor types. In this review, we will discuss the current status of several anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies in clinical development and their direction for the future.
MeSH terms
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
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B7-H1 Antigen / analysis
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B7-H1 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Carcinoma, Small Cell / drug therapy
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Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
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Humans
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Kidney Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Melanoma / drug therapy
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Melanoma / secondary
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Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Nivolumab
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / analysis
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / antagonists & inhibitors*
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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B7-H1 Antigen
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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Nivolumab
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atezolizumab
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pembrolizumab