Selective augmentation of stem cell populations in structural fat grafts for maxillofacial surgery

Luigi Clauser; Letizia Ferroni; Chiara Gardin; Riccardo Tieghi; Manlio Galiè; Giovanni Elia; Adriano Piattelli; Paolo Pinton; Eriberto Bressan; Barbara Zavan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110796

Selective augmentation of stem cell populations in structural fat grafts for maxillofacial surgery

PLoS One. 2014 Nov 6;9(11):e110796. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110796. eCollection 2014.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Unit of Cranio Maxillo Facial Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Deformities and Orbital Surgery - Reference Center for Rare Disease, Sant'Anna Hospital and University, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
³ Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
⁴ Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
⁵ Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Abstract

Structural fat grafting utilizes the centrifugation of liposuction aspirates to create a graded density of adipose tissue. This study was performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of centrifugation on stem cells present in adipose tissue. Liposuction aspirates were obtained from healthy donors and either not centrifuged or centrifuged at 1,800 rpm for 3 minutes. The obtained fat volumes were divided into three layers and then analyzed. The results demonstrate that centrifugation induces a different distribution of stem cells in the three layers. The high-density layer displays the highest expression of mesenchymal stem cell and endothelial markers. The low-density layer exhibits an enrichment of multipotent stem cells. We conclude that appropriate centrifugation concentrates stem cells. This finding may influence the clinical practice of liposuction aspirate centrifugation and enhance graft uptake.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adipose Tissue / transplantation*
Adult
Centrifugation
Female
Humans
Lipectomy / methods
Male
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology*
Surgery, Oral / methods*
Tissue Scaffolds
Young Adult

Grants and funding

The work was supported by Progetto di Ateneo University of Padova, Italy. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.