Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age association with adult depression: systematic review and meta-analysis

Br J Psychiatry. 2014 Nov;205(5):340-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.139014.

Abstract

Background: There is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression.

Aims: To review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with adult depression.

Method: We searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression.

Results: We identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.21-1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of the former and only four studies evaluated SGA.

Conclusions: Low birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Depressive Disorder / etiology*
  • Depressive Disorder / psychology
  • Humans
  • Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature
  • Infant, Small for Gestational Age*
  • Premature Birth / psychology*