Obliterative bronchiolitis is a rare pulmonary disease, characterised by narrowing and eventual obliteration of bronchioles by peribronchial and submucosal fibrosis. One of the identified causes of bronchiolitis is acute injury due to inhalation of toxic gases and fumes. Physiological criteria, essential in preliminary diagnostics, include irreversible airflow limitation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 60%, and exclusion of other causes of airflow obstruction. Surgical lung biopsy with histologic examination confirms diagnosis definitely. Prognosis of obliterative bronchiolitis, irrespective of aetiology, is rather poor, and treatment is rarely efficacious. We present a young chemist exposed to inhalation of toxic gases and fumes due to lack of usage of any personal protective equipment. He was referred to our lung disease department because of shortness of breath on exertion and irreversible airflow limitation. Definitive diagnosis of obliterative bronchiolitis was established by histological examination of specimen from open lung biopsy.