Synthesis of nitrogen-doped ZnO by sol-gel method: characterization and its application on visible photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D and picloram herbicides

Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2015 Mar;14(3):536-42. doi: 10.1039/c4pp00273c.

Abstract

In this work, nitrogen-doped ZnO material was synthesized by the sol-gel method using zinc acetate as the precursor and urea as the nitrogen source (15, 20, 25 and 30% wt.). For comparative purposes, bare ZnO was also prepared. The influence of N doping on structural, morphological, optical and photocatalytic properties was investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, BET and XPS analysis. The photocatalytic activity of N-doped ZnO catalysts was evaluated during the degradation of a mixture of herbicides (2,4-D and picloram) under visible radiation ≥400 nm. The photo-absorption wavelength range of the N-doped ZnO samples was shifted to longer wavelength compared to those of the unmodified ZnO. Among different amounts of dopant agent, the 30% N-doped ZnO material showed higher visible-light activity compared with pure ZnO. Several degradation by-products were identified by using HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. The enhancement of visible photocatalytic activity of the N-doped ZnO semiconductor could be mainly due to their capability in reducing the electron-hole pair recombination.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
  • Herbicides / chemistry*
  • Nitrogen / chemistry*
  • Photochemical Processes*
  • Picloram / chemistry*
  • Zinc Oxide / chemical synthesis*
  • Zinc Oxide / chemistry*

Substances

  • Herbicides
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
  • Nitrogen
  • Picloram
  • Zinc Oxide