The multitude of carried out population studies resulted in confirmation of association of HLA-antigens with human diseases. The ulcerative colitis is belongs to the group of chronic inflammatory diseases of intestine. The etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is still quite contradictory. The article considers actual approach to pathogenesis of development of ulcerative colitis. The material demonstrates impact of individual immunogenotypic factors on origin and development of disease and specifically relationship with particular profile of HLA-system.