Hallmarks of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours: implications for treatment

Annemiek Walenkamp; Guillermo Crespo; Felipe Fierro Maya; Reidar Fossmark; Peter Igaz; Anja Rinke; Gianluca Tamagno; Giovanni Vitale; Kjell Öberg; Tim Meyer

doi:10.1530/ERC-14-0106

Hallmarks of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours: implications for treatment

Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014;21(6):R445-60. doi: 10.1530/ERC-14-0106.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical OncologyHospital Universitario de Burgos, Avenida Islas Baleares 3, 09006 Burgos, SpainDepartment of Endocrine OncologyNational Cancer Institute, Bogotá, ColombiaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway2nd Department of MedicineSemmelweis University, 46, Szentkiralyi Street, H-1088 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg D-35043, GermanyDepartment of General Internal MedicineSt Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown - Co., Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO)University of Milan, Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, ItalyDepartment of Endocrine OncologyUniversity Hospital, Uppsala, SwedenUCL Cancer InstituteUCL, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK a.walenkamp@umcg.nl.
² Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical OncologyHospital Universitario de Burgos, Avenida Islas Baleares 3, 09006 Burgos, SpainDepartment of Endocrine OncologyNational Cancer Institute, Bogotá, ColombiaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway2nd Department of MedicineSemmelweis University, 46, Szentkiralyi Street, H-1088 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg D-35043, GermanyDepartment of General Internal MedicineSt Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown - Co., Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO)University of Milan, Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, ItalyDepartment of Endocrine OncologyUniversity Hospital, Uppsala, SwedenUCL Cancer InstituteUCL, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
³ Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical OncologyHospital Universitario de Burgos, Avenida Islas Baleares 3, 09006 Burgos, SpainDepartment of Endocrine OncologyNational Cancer Institute, Bogotá, ColombiaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway2nd Department of MedicineSemmelweis University, 46, Szentkiralyi Street, H-1088 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg D-35043, GermanyDepartment of General Internal MedicineSt Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown - Co., Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO)University of Milan, Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, ItalyDepartment of Endocrine OncologyUniversity Hospital, Uppsala, SwedenUCL Cancer InstituteUCL, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical OncologyHospital Universitario de Burgos, Avenida Islas Baleares 3, 09006 Burgos, SpainDepartment of Endocrine OncologyNational Cancer Institute, Bogotá, ColombiaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway2nd Department of MedicineSemmelweis University, 46, Szentkiralyi Street, H-1088 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg D-35043, GermanyDepartment of General Internal MedicineSt Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown - Co., Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO)University of Milan, Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIstituto Au

PMID: 25296914
DOI: 10.1530/ERC-14-0106

Abstract

In the past few years, there have been advances in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and improvements in our understanding of NET biology. However, the benefits to patients have been relatively modest and much remains yet to be done. The 'Hallmarks of Cancer', as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg, provide a conceptual framework for understanding the aberrations that underlie tumourigenesis and to help identify potential targets for therapy. In this study, our objective is to review the major molecular characteristics of NETs, based on the recently modified 'Hallmarks of Cancer', and highlight areas that require further research.

Keywords: cancer; neuroendocrine tumours; treatment; tumourigenesis.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / drug effects*
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology*
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / pathology
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / prevention & control*
Humans
Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology
Neuroendocrine Tumors / prevention & control*

Substances

Antineoplastic Agents