Hip arthroscopy is among the most rapidly evolving arthroscopic techniques in the last decade and offers the benefits of being both a minimally invasive procedure and an excellent diagnostic tool. Improvements in instrumentation and surgical skills have advanced our ability to accurately diagnose and treat various conditions of the hip joint, and hip arthroscopy has elucidated several pathologies that cause disabling symptoms. Many of these conditions were previously unrecognized and left untreated. The indications for hip arthroscopy include the management of early osteoarthritis, synovial disorders (e. g., synovial osteochondromatosis), labral tears, chondral lesions, and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which is increasingly recognized as a disorder that can lead to the development of early cartilage and labral injury. A better understanding of hip arthroscopy, including the anatomy, improved surgical techniques, indications, and complications of the procedure, is essential for its success. This review article discusses the state of the art of arthroscopic hip surgery.