Recent studies show that several Siglec receptors, such as Siglec-8 and Siglec-14, may be important therapeutic targets in asthma and COPD. Siglecs are a family of lectins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and recognize sialic acid residues of glycoproteins. Most of Siglecs have intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), implicating them in the suppression of immunoreceptor signaling. Siglec-5/14 may be involved in the negative regulation of innate immune responses. The aim of this study was to analyze Siglec-5/14 expression in induced sputum cells of COPD patients in the following treatment combinations: (1) a long-acting beta2-agonist, formoterol; (2) formoterol combined with a long-acting antimuscarinic agent, tiotropium; and (3) formoterol combined with an inhaled corticosteroid or formoterol combined with tiotropium and with an inhaled corticosteroid. Siglec expression was assessed in sputum cells by flow cytometry using a specific monoclonal antibody. Double staining of cells indicated that Siglec-5/14 is expressed in monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils, but not in lymphocytes. Siglec-5/14 expression was significantly higher in patients receiving combined therapy including inhaled corticosteroids compared with patients taking only formoterol or formoterol + tiotropium. Our results suggest that inhaled corticosteroids may exert beneficial or negative effects, depending on the patients' phenotype, through increased immunosuppressive Siglec-5 or immunoactivatory Siglec-14 receptors, respectively.