[Pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with methylphenidate and atomoxetine within a context of epilepsy]

Rev Neurol. 2014 Feb 24:58 Suppl 1:S43-9.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with epilepsy stands at around 30-40%, especially the inattentive subtype, while other studies on children diagnosed with ADHD show figures that vary from 6.1% to 30% which present alterations in the electroencephalogram and epilepsy problems. Although clinical practice guidelines advise against treatment with psychostimulants in ADHD that is comorbid with epilepsy, especially when the latter is not considered active, some researchers and practitioners recommend caution as regards beginning this pharmacological therapy, while less research has been conducted on the use of non-psychostimulants.

Aim: To review the patient records of children with epilepsy and ADHD who received pharmacological treatment with psychostimulants and non-psychostimulants for an attention disorder.

Patients and methods: The study involved a sample of 23 patients aged 5-16 years. The type of epilepsy and the clinical course and electroencephalogram were analysed at both one and two years after beginning pharmacological treatment of ADHD.

Results: At two years, one patient presented a crisis and two patients continued to display paroxysmal activity in the electroencephalogram.

Conclusions: The data presented show that pharmacological treatment of ADHD does not exacerbate the epilepsy in well-controlled patients, although it is advisable to take into account factors such as the type of antiepileptic drug, the type of drug for ADHD and the cognitive profile, in order to favour a satisfactory development. In epileptic children with learning difficulties, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanisms involved in attentional processes, since they may well be compromised and in need of a more specific treatment.

Title: Manejo farmacologico del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad con metilfenidato y atomoxetina en un contexto de epilepsia.

Introduccion. La prevalencia del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) en pacientes con epilepsia se situa en torno al 30-40%, especialmente del subtipo inatento, mientras que, a su vez, distintos estudios sobre niños diagnosticados de TDAH muestran cifras variables del 6,1-30% que presentan alteraciones en el electroencefalograma y problemas de epilepsia. Aunque las guias de practica clinica no desaconsejan el tratamiento con psicoestimulantes en el TDAH comorbido con epilepsia, en especial si esta no se considera activa, algunos investigadores y clinicos recomiendan ser cautos en el inicio de esta terapia farmacologica, mientras que el uso de no psicoestimulantes esta menos estudiado. Objetivo. Revisar las historias clinicas de niños con epilepsia y TDAH que recibieron tratamiento farmacologico con psicoestimulantes y no psicoestimulantes para el trastorno de atencion. Pacientes y metodos. Muestra de 23 pacientes de 5-16 años. Se analizo el tipo de epilepsia y la evolucion clinica y electroencefalografica al año y a los dos años tras el inicio del tratamiento farmacologico del TDAH. Resultados. A los dos años, un paciente presento una crisis y dos pacientes continuaban mostrando actividad paroxistica en el electroencefalograma. Conclusion. Los datos presentados muestran que el tratamiento farmacologico del TDAH no empeora la epilepsia en pacientes bien controlados, aunque se recomienda tener en cuenta factores como el tipo de farmaco antiepileptico, el tipo de farmaco para el TDAH, asi como el perfil cognitivo, para favorecer un desarrollo adecuado. En los niños epilepticos con dificultades del aprendizaje, deben valorarse los mecanismos de los procesos atencionales que puedan estar alterados y que precisen un tratamiento especifico.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / adverse effects
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / therapeutic use*
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / complications
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy*
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / adverse effects
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Disease Management
  • Electroencephalography / drug effects
  • Epilepsy / complications*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methylphenidate / adverse effects
  • Methylphenidate / therapeutic use*
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Methylphenidate
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride