Background and aim: A uniform staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed. In this study, the discrimination abilities of HCC staging systems (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC], Cancer of the Liver Italian Program, and Okuda stage) were compared during the course of untreated HCC.
Methods: We included consecutive 80 patients diagnosed with HCC, but were not treated for HCC, at a single medical center in Korea. In addition, 177 treated patients matched by prognostic factors were included to evaluate the survival gain owing to locoregional treatment.
Results: The mean age of untreated patients was 58.7 years. During the observation period (median = 41.1 months), 72 patients died (median survival = 2.1 months; range = 1.6-33.7 months). Among various staging systems, the BCLC system had the best discrimination ability (linear trend χ2 = 16.35). Multivariate analysis indicated that the intrahepatic tumor classification (AJCC T classification) was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001). However, either node or metastasis classification failed to affect the OS significantly (both P > 0.05). Patients undergoing intrahepatic tumor control with locoregional therapy showed prolonged survival in those patients with nodal involvement (hazard ratio = 0.315; P = 0.004) and extrahepatic metastasis (hazard ratio = 0.658; P = 0.258), respectively, after adjustment for independent prognostic factors. Compared with untreated patients, BCLC stage A and B patients had > 1 year of survival gain but those with stage C and D did not, owing to locoregional therapy.
Conclusion: The BCLC system had the best discrimination among untreated HCC patients. However, re-evaluation of the clinical importance of nodal and metastasis classification might be required.
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; natural history; overall survival; staging system.
© 2014 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.