The aim of the study was to assess salivary gland parenchyma by means of sonoelastography in patients irradiated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The studied group consisted of 52 patients after radiotherapy (RT) and 54 healthy volunteers. All of the former were treated for advanced larynx (40), oropharynx (9), or maxilla (3) squamous cancers and suffered from chronic dryness. Ultrasonography (US) and elastography (ES) were performed, as well as an assessment of the amount of saliva and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale. There was a statistical difference between ES values in the RT group and in the controls for parotid glands (41.7 kPa versus 26.03 kPa, P = 0.0018) and for submandibular glands (37.6 kPa versus 22.4 kPa; P = 0.005). There was a significant correlation between the CTCAE scores and objective saliva amount (P = 0.0005), and the median amount of saliva in the examined group was lower than in the reference group (1.86 g versus 2.75 g, P = 0.0006). In conclusion sonoelastography adds a new parameter to ultrasonography in "one touch examination" and may be a useful tool for major salivary gland evaluation during the radiotherapy course and follow-up period.