Aims: Convolutamydine A is an oxindole alkaloid that can be isolated from a marine bryozoan. Due to the variety of biological effects, two analogues were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated.
Main methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of convolutamydine A and its analogues (ISA003 and ISA147) were investigated in a formalin-induced licking behaviour model, where mice received an intraplantar injection of formalin and their licking behaviour was evaluated for 30min. Additionally, inflammatory parameters were evaluated in a subcutaneous air pouch (SAP) model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Exudates were collected for leukocyte counts; measurement of protein, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines by ELISA; and analysis of nitric oxide (NO) using a nitrate conversion protocol. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from RAW 264.7 cells were quantified by immunoblotting.
Key findings: Convolutamydine A and its two analogues inhibited the formalin-induced licking response at doses as low as 0.01mg/kg. An inhibitory effect was also observed on leukocyte migration and the production of NO, PGE2 and cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). The reduction in inflammatory parameters did not appear to be correlated with a direct reduction in the number of cells in the SAP, because a reduction in NO and PGE2 production by cultured macrophages was observed in addition to the inhibition of iNOS and COX2 enzyme expression.
Significance: These results indicate that convolutamydine A and its two analogues have significant anti-inflammatory effects. These substances can be improved to generate lead compounds for the synthesis of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory drugs; Convolutamydine A; Inflammation; Isatin.
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