The effects of absence of stereopsis on performance of a simulated surgical task in two-dimensional and three-dimensional viewing conditions

Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 Feb;99(2):240-5. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304517. Epub 2014 Sep 3.

Abstract

Background: Stereopsis is believed to be advantageous for surgical tasks that require precise hand-eye coordination. We investigated the effects of short-term and long-term absence of stereopsis on motor task performance in three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) viewing conditions.

Methods: 30 participants with normal stereopsis and 15 participants with absent stereopsis performed a simulated surgical task both in free space under direct vision (3D) and via a monitor (2D), with both eyes open and one eye covered in each condition.

Results: The stereo-normal group scored higher, on average, than the stereo-absent group with both eyes open under direct vision (p<0.001). Both groups performed comparably in monocular and binocular monitor viewing conditions (p=0.579).

Conclusions: High-grade stereopsis confers an advantage when performing a fine motor task under direct vision. However, stereopsis does not appear advantageous to task performance under 2D viewing conditions, such as in video-assisted surgery.

Keywords: Visual perception.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Computer Simulation
  • Depth Perception / physiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Imaging, Three-Dimensional*
  • Male
  • Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures*
  • Perceptual Disorders / physiopathology*
  • Psychomotor Performance / physiology*
  • Task Performance and Analysis*
  • Video-Assisted Surgery
  • Vision Disparity / physiology
  • Young Adult