Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Fan Zhang; Yingjun Chen; Chongguo Tian; Xiaoping Wang; Guopei Huang; Yin Fang; Zheng Zong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.016

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Sci Total Environ. 2014 Nov 1:497-498:570-577. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.016. Epub 2014 Aug 25.

Authors

Fan Zhang¹, Yingjun Chen², Chongguo Tian³, Xiaoping Wang⁴, Guopei Huang¹, Yin Fang¹, Zheng Zong¹

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
² Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China. Electronic address: yjchen@yic.ac.cn.
³ Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China. Electronic address: cgtian@yic.ac.cn.
⁴ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China.

PMID: 25169871
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.016

Abstract

Rapid development of port and shipbuilding industry in China has badly affected the ambient air quality of coastal zone due to shipping emissions. A total of 60 ambient air samples were collected from background site of Tuoji Island in Bohai Sea strait. The air samples were analyzed for PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), inorganic elements, and water-soluble ions. The maximum concentration of PM2.5 was observed during spring (73.6 μg·m(-3)) compared to winter (39.0 μg·m(-3)) with mean of 54.6 μg·m(-3). Back trajectory air mass analysis together with temporal distribution of vanadium (V) showed that V could be the typical tracer of shipping emissions at Tuoji Island. Furthermore, the ratios of vanadium to nickel (V/Ni), vanadium to lead (V/Pb) and vanadium to zinc (V/Zn) also suggest shipping emissions at Tuoji Island. The annual average primary PM2.5 estimate of shipping emissions was 0.65 μg·m(-3) at Tuoji Island, accounting for 2.94% of the total primary PM2.5, with a maximum of 3.16% in summer and a minimum of 2.39% in autumn.

Keywords: Bohai; Coastal zone; PM(2.5); Quantification; Shipping emissions; Tracers.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants / analysis*
China
Environmental Monitoring*
Ships*

Substances

Air Pollutants