Modulation of biofilm-formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by the periplasmic DsbA/DsbB oxidoreductase system requires the GGDEF-EAL domain protein STM3615

PLoS One. 2014 Aug 25;9(8):e106095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106095. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), biofilm-formation is controlled by the cytoplasmic intracellular small-molecular second messenger cyclic 3', 5'-di- guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) through the activities of GGDEF and EAL domain proteins. Here we describe that deleting either dsbA or dsbB, respectively encoding a periplasmic protein disulfide oxidase and a cytoplasmic membrane disulfide oxidoreductase, resulted in increased biofilm-formation on solid medium. This increased biofilm-formation, defined as a red, dry and rough (rdar) colony morphotype, paralleled with enhanced expression of the biofilm master regulator CsgD and the biofilm-associated fimbrial subunit CsgA. Deleting csgD in either dsb mutant abrogated the enhanced biofilm-formation. Likewise, overexpression of the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase YhjH, or mutationally inactivating the CsgD activator EAL-domain protein YdiV, reduced biofilm-formation in either of the dsb mutants. Intriguingly, deleting the GGDEF-EAL domain protein gene STM3615 (yhjK), previously not connected to rdar morphotype development, also abrogated the escalated rdar morphotype formation in dsb mutant backgrounds. Enhanced biofilm-formation in dsb mutants was furthermore annulled by exposure to the protein disulfide catalyst copper chloride. When analyzed for the effect of exogenous reducing stress on biofilm-formation, both dsb mutants initially showed an escalated rdar morphotype development that later dissolved to reveal a smooth mucoid colony morphotype. From these results we conclude that biofilm-development in S. Typhimurium is affected by periplasmic protein disulphide bond status through CsgD, and discuss the involvement of selected GGDEF/EAL domain protein(s) as signaling mediators.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Biofilms / growth & development*
  • Cyclic GMP / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Oxidoreductases / genetics
  • Oxidoreductases / metabolism*
  • Periplasmic Proteins / genetics
  • Periplasmic Proteins / metabolism*
  • Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / genetics
  • Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / metabolism*
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary / genetics*
  • Salmonella typhimurium / genetics
  • Salmonella typhimurium / metabolism*

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • DsbB protein, Bacteria
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Periplasmic Proteins
  • Oxidoreductases
  • periplasmic protein disulfide oxidoreductase
  • Protein Disulfide-Isomerases
  • Cyclic GMP

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) to MR with grant number VR-2011-3379. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.