Background: Olanzapine is frequently prescribed in young children for psychiatric conditions. It may be an option for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control in children. The objective of this review was to describe the safety of olanzapine in children less than 13 years of age to determine if safety concerns would be a barrier to its use for CINV prevention.
Methods: Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Scopus. All studies in English reporting adverse effects associated with olanzapine use in children younger than 13 years or with a mean/median age less than 13 years were included. Adverse outcomes were synthesized for prospective studies.
Results: A total of 47 studies (17 prospective) involving 387 children aged 0.6-18 years were included; nine described olanzapine poisonings. Weight gain or sedation were reported in 78 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 63-95] and 48 % (95 % CI 35-67), respectively. Extrapyramidal symptoms or electrocardiogram abnormalities were reported in 9 % (95 % CI 4-21) and 14 % (95 % CI 7-26), respectively. Elevation in liver function tests or blood glucose abnormalities were reported in 7 % (95 % CI 2-20) and 4 % (95 % CI 1-17), respectively. No deaths were attributed to olanzapine.
Limitations: No studies were identified with a primary focus on evaluating safety, and the adverse effects reported in the included studies were heterogeneous.
Conclusions: Most adverse events associated with olanzapine use in children less than 13 years of age are of minor clinical significance. These findings support the exploration of olanzapine for the prevention of CINV in children in future trials.