1 Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: preston.mark@gmail.com.
2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
3 The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
5 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.