Use of FRAX®-based fracture risk assessments to identify patients who will benefit from osteoporosis therapy

Abstract

Several pharmacological interventions, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), bisphosphonates, denosumab, and strontium ranelate have demonstrated efficacy in reducing the incidence of osteoporotic fractures, the most severe consequence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Until recently, bone mineral density (BMD) was the primary factor used to determine which postmenopausal women may require osteoporosis treatment. However, clinical guidelines now recommend the use of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX(®)), a computer-based algorithm introduced by the World Health Organization, to help primary care physicians identify postmenopausal women who may be candidates for pharmacological osteoporosis therapy based on the level of fracture risk. Beyond its utility as a resource for determining whether or not to initiate osteoporosis treatment, clinical studies have begun to evaluate the correlation between FRAX(®)-based 10-year fracture probability and efficacy of different osteoporosis treatments. Bazedoxifene, clodronate, and denosumab have shown greater fracture risk reduction at higher FRAX(®)-based 10-year fracture probabilities, but the efficacy of raloxifene, alendronate, and strontium ranelate were relatively stable regardless of fracture probability. In summary, these data suggest that the relationship between FRAX(®)-based fracture probability and efficacy of different osteoporosis treatments varies depending upon the agent in question.

Keywords: Bazedoxifene; Bisphosphonates; FRAX; Fracture; Osteoporosis; Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).