Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure

Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Aug;35(4):501-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383864. Epub 2014 Aug 11.

Abstract

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) improves gas exchange and clinical outcome in various types of acute respiratory failure. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequent cause of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). According to several randomized controlled trials, the addition of NIV to standard medical therapy reduces mortality, intubation rate, and hospital length of stay in these patients. Indications for the use of NIV have expanded over the past decade. In this article, we discuss the clinical indications and goals of NIV in the management of AHRF.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Hypercapnia / etiology
  • Hypercapnia / therapy*
  • Length of Stay
  • Noninvasive Ventilation / methods*
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / complications
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / etiology
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / physiopathology
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy*