Unconventional hydrogen bonding to organic ions in the gas phase: stepwise association of hydrogen cyanide with the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations and protonated pyridine

J Chem Phys. 2014 Aug 7;141(5):054305. doi: 10.1063/1.4890372.

Abstract

Equilibrium thermochemical measurements using the ion mobility drift cell technique have been utilized to investigate the binding energies and entropy changes for the stepwise association of HCN molecules with the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations forming the C5H5N(+·)(HCN)n and C4H4N2 (+·)(HCN)n clusters, respectively, with n = 1-4. For comparison, the binding of 1-4 HCN molecules to the protonated pyridine C5H5NH(+)(HCN)n has also been investigated. The binding energies of HCN to the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations are nearly equal (11.4 and 12.0 kcal/mol, respectively) but weaker than the HCN binding to the protonated pyridine (14.0 kcal/mol). The pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations form unconventional carbon-based ionic hydrogen bonds with HCN (CH(δ+)⋯NCH). Protonated pyridine forms a stronger ionic hydrogen bond with HCN (NH(+)⋯NCH) which can be extended to a linear chain with the clustering of additional HCN molecules (NH(+)⋯NCH··NCH⋯NCH) leading to a rapid decrease in the bond strength as the length of the chain increases. The lowest energy structures of the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cation clusters containing 3-4 HCN molecules show a strong tendency for the internal solvation of the radical cation by the HCN molecules where bifurcated structures involving multiple hydrogen bonding sites with the ring hydrogen atoms are formed. The unconventional H-bonds (CH(δ+)⋯NCH) formed between the pyridine or the pyrimidine radical cations and HCN molecules (11-12 kcal/mol) are stronger than the similar (CH(δ+)⋯NCH) bonds formed between the benzene radical cation and HCN molecules (9 kcal/mol) indicating that the CH(δ+) centers in the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations have more effective charges than in the benzene radical cation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Cations
  • Computer Simulation
  • Free Radicals / chemistry
  • Gases / chemistry*
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Hydrogen Cyanide / chemistry*
  • Models, Chemical*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Organic Chemicals / chemistry*
  • Phase Transition
  • Protons
  • Pyridines / chemistry*
  • Pyrimidines / chemistry*
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / methods*

Substances

  • Cations
  • Free Radicals
  • Gases
  • Organic Chemicals
  • Protons
  • Pyridines
  • Pyrimidines
  • Hydrogen Cyanide
  • pyrimidine
  • pyridine