Background: The birth of a premature child implies an expense raised for the families and the systems of health for the possibilities of visual, auditory disability and problems of learning. The rate of premature births, according to the WHO, goes from 5 to 18 %, for what it was found that it will have to diminish.
Objective: Knows the behavior of the incident of the childbirth pretérmino in the Mexican Institute of the Social Insurance (IMSS) during the period 2007-2012 in the hospitals of the second and third level of attention ginecoobstétrica.
Material and method: Descriptive and retrospective study in which there was analyzed the existing information of the cases brought of birth pretérmino in the IMSS (2007-2012). Proved: the total of births was of born 3,135,755 alive, of this 7.7 % they were pretérmino in all the conditions of the Republic, which on having differed with the second level of attention existed 188,715 (6.8%) born pretérmino and the third level of attention (Medical Units of Alta Especialidad, UMAES) with 51,635 (13.7%) born pretérmino (p < 0.05).
Results: The total of births was of born 3,135,755 alive, of this 7.7% they were pretérmino in all the conditions of the Republic, which on having differed with the second level of attention existed 188,715 (6.8%) born pretérmino and the third level of attention (Medical Units of Alta Especialidad, UMAES) with 51,635 (13.7%) born pretérmino (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The strategies to approach the problem of the prematurez are the prevention of the childbirth and the care perinatal to diminish the mortality of the baby and to increase his quality of life for what it is necessary to reinforce the contraceptive Council in the teenagers, to spread the births, as well as the detection and treatment of the infections genitourinarias.