Diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver: techniques and applications

Abstract

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a technique that assesses the cellularity, tortuosity of the extracellular/extravascular space, and cell membrane density based on differences in water proton mobility in tissues. The strength of the diffusion weighting is reflected by the b value. DWI using several b values enables the quantification of the apparent diffusion coefficient. DWI is increasingly used in liver imaging for multiple reasons: it can add useful qualitative and quantitative information to conventional imaging sequences; it is acquired relatively quickly; it is easily incorporated into existing clinical protocols; and it is a noncontrast technique.

Keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficient; Cirrhosis; Diffusion; Echo planar imaging; IVIM; Liver MRI; Liver lesion characterization; Liver lesion detection.