The median body mass index(BMI) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in China is only 24 kg/m(2) and diabetic diet in China is different from that in the Western countries. Currently there are no sufficient weight loss surgery data and guidance in China. Therefore, aside from the internationally recognized surgical procedures, Chinese surgeons have been trying to find other suitable procedures for T2DM. In 2011, operations for treatment of T2DM recommended by the International Diabetes Federation(IDF) are as follow: gastric bypass surgery(GBP), sleeve gastrectomy(SG), bile pancreatic surgery(BPD), duodenal inversion technique(DS) and the adjustable gastric band surgery(AGB). At present, the main exploratory surgery procedures in China include: sleeve gastrectomy and duodenal-jejual bypass, duodenal-jejual bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and jejual-ileal bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and ileal interposition, ileal interposition, jejunal-ileal bypass, gastric folding technique, gastric folding and banding, and other weight loss surgery under endoscopy. Each operation has different characteristics, but the optimal surgery for patients with T2DM still needs long term follow-up and large sample of multi-center clinical research. We believe that under the scientific standardization, surgeons in China will develop the most suitable procedures for patients with T2DM.