Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered first-line treatments for major depressive disorders (MDD). It has been reported, however, that 30-40% of patients with MDD who received SSRIs failed to respond to treatment. Use of lithium (Li) to augment SSRIs seems to be the most common strategy in such cases. It was recently demonstrated that atypical antipsychotics are effective augmentation agents in MDD. Here, we present a randomized controlled study that compared augmentation with Li, olanzapine (OLA) or aripiprazole (ARI) in paroxetine-refractory patients with MDD.
Methods: Participants were 30 patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria for MDD and refractory to paroxetine treatment. Treatment with Li, OLA or ARI was added to paroxetine in a randomized protocol for 4 weeks. We defined the patients whose scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression decreased 50% or more as responders.
Results: Two patients dropped out because of adverse effects. Response rates to Li, OLA or ARI augmentation were 4/10 (40%), 3/10 (30%) and 4/10 (40%), respectively. In addition, Li, OLA and ARI did not influence plasma paroxetine concentrations.
Conclusions: We concluded that OLA or ARI could be used as alternatives to Li as options for patients who do not respond to paroxetine treatment.
Keywords: aripiprazole; augmentation; lithium; major depressive disorder olanzapine; paroxetine.