Solvent effects on the photochemistry of 4-aminoimidazole-5-carbonitrile, a prebiotically plausible precursor of purines

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2014 Sep 7;16(33):17617-26. doi: 10.1039/c4cp02074j.

Abstract

4-Aminoimidazole-5-carbonitrile (AICN) was suggested as a prebiotically plausible precursor of purine nucleobases and nucleotides. Although it can be formed in a sequence of photoreactions, AICN is immune to further irradiation with UV-light. We present state-of-the-art multi-reference quantum-chemical calculations of potential energy surface cuts and conical intersection optimizations to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the photostability of this compound. We have identified the N-H bond stretching and ring-puckering mechanisms that should be responsible for the photochemistry of AICN in the gas phase. We have further considered the photochemistry of AICN-water clusters, while including up to six explicit water molecules. The calculations reveal charge transfer to solvent followed by formation of an H3O(+) cation, both of which occur on the (1)πσ* hypersurface. Interestingly, a second proton transfer to an adjacent water molecule leads to a (1)πσ*/S0 conical intersection. We suggest that this electron-driven proton relay might be characteristic of low-lying (1)πσ* states in chromophore-water clusters. Owing to its nature, this mechanism might also be responsible for the photostability of analogous organic molecules in bulk water.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Computer Simulation
  • Imidazoles / chemistry*
  • Imidazoles / radiation effects
  • Light
  • Materials Testing
  • Models, Chemical*
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Nitriles / chemistry*
  • Nitriles / radiation effects
  • Photochemistry / methods
  • Prebiotics*
  • Purines / chemistry*
  • Purines / radiation effects
  • Solvents / chemistry*
  • Solvents / radiation effects

Substances

  • Imidazoles
  • Nitriles
  • Prebiotics
  • Purines
  • Solvents
  • 4-aminoimidazole