Malignant T cells secrete galectins and induce epidermal hyperproliferation and disorganized stratification in a skin model of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Jan;135(1):238-246. doi: 10.1038/jid.2014.284. Epub 2014 Jul 9.

Abstract

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are the most common primary skin lymphomas, which are characterized by an accumulation of malignant T cells in the skin. The early lesion resembles both clinically and histologically benign inflammatory disorders and also presents with hyperproliferative epidermis and T-cell infiltration. Despite considerable progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the malignant transformation of T cells, the causes of the morphological and histopathological features of the disease are largely unknown. We used an organotypic model of CTCL to show that malignant T cells through the secretion of galectin-1 and -3 stimulate vigorous growth of keratinocytes. In parallel, malignant T cells induce disorganized keratinocyte stratification, resembling the early hyperproliferative stage of CTCL. We also observed a loss of attachment between the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. In addition, hyperproliferation was followed by a downregulation of differentiation markers, such as keratin 10 and involucrin, and a decrease in barrier formation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that malignant T cells orchestrate the histopathological epidermal changes seen in CTCL.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Proteins
  • Cell Adhesion / physiology
  • Cell Differentiation / physiology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / physiology
  • Dermis / metabolism
  • Dermis / pathology
  • Epidermis / metabolism
  • Epidermis / pathology
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism
  • Fibroblasts / pathology
  • Galectin 1 / genetics
  • Galectin 1 / metabolism*
  • Galectin 3 / genetics
  • Galectin 3 / metabolism*
  • Galectins
  • Heterografts
  • Humans
  • Keratinocytes / cytology
  • Keratinocytes / metabolism*
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / metabolism*
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / pathology*
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Organ Culture Techniques
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Blood Proteins
  • Galectin 1
  • Galectin 3
  • Galectins
  • LGALS1 protein, human
  • LGALS3 protein, human
  • Recombinant Proteins