Neuroinflammation in central nervous system, featured by glial cells activation, can always be found during the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, can release both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, thus playing a crucial role in the neuroinflammation. A variety of pattern-recognition receptors on astrocytes are involve d in the inflammatory response, particularly the scavenger receptor. Scavenger receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein and can identify diverse ligands. With a variety of biological functions, it may activate many signal pathways related to neuroinflammation, regulate the host defense and the development of neuroinflammation, and eventually regulate the process of neuroinflammation. Thus, it play a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and many other conditions. This review summarizes the scavenger receptor expressed on astrocytes and how it regulates signal transduction pathways associated with neuroinflammation and thus participates in regulating neuroinflammation.