Functional and structural characterization of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole inhibitors of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein with antiviral activity

ACS Chem Biol. 2014 Sep 19;9(9):1950-5. doi: 10.1021/cb500316h. Epub 2014 Jul 7.

Abstract

The nucleocapsid protein (NC) is a highly conserved protein in diverse HIV-1 subtypes that plays a central role in virus replication, mainly by interacting with conserved nucleic acid sequences. NC is considered a highly profitable drug target to inhibit multiple steps in the HIV-1 life cycle with just one compound, a unique property not shown by any of the other antiretroviral classes. However, most of NC inhibitors developed so far act through an unspecific and potentially toxic mechanism (zinc ejection) and are mainly being investigated as topical microbicides. In an effort to provide specific NC inhibitors that compete for the binding of nucleic acids to NC, here we combined molecular modeling, organic synthesis, biophysical studies, NMR spectroscopy, and antiviral assays to design, synthesize, and characterize an efficient NC inhibitor endowed with antiviral activity in vitro, a desirable property for the development of efficient antiretroviral lead compounds.

Publication types

  • Letter
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemistry*
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology*
  • Calorimetry / methods
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods
  • HIV-1 / chemistry
  • HIV-1 / drug effects
  • HeLa Cells / drug effects
  • HeLa Cells / virology
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Nucleocapsid Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Nucleocapsid Proteins / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thiazoles / chemistry

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Nucleocapsid Proteins
  • Thiazoles
  • phenthiazamine