In 1840s, the group of physicians worked at the medical faculty of the Vienna university. In their activities, they were guided by successes and achievements of natural sciences. Hereinafter this group was accepted as the new (second) Vienna medical school. Carl von Rokitansky was its acknowledged head and the therapists Joseph Skoda and Iogann Oppolzer were its distinguished representatives. Ferdinand von Hebra, disciple of Skoda and another representative of the school founded the Vienna school of dermatologists. This school was characterized by morphological approach to classification of appearance of skin rash and "external" approach to treatment of skin diseases. The Russian therapists S.P. Botkin and G.A. Zakharin, during their travels abroad in the process of professorship training witnessed and actively participated in changes of classic natural science. The visits to clinics and laboratories of Vienna consisted important and continuous part of their educational missions. The dermatological schools of St. Petersburg and Moscow came into being at their therapeutic clinics. A.G. Polotebnov and A.I. Pospelov, their disciples and the founders of national dermatology, in their deeds in organization of clinical and research activities were guided by experience and achievements of the Vienna dermatological school as leading dermatological center of Europe in 1850-1890.