Background: Sacrocolpopexy is the standard surgical treatment of genital prolapse of the upper vaginal wall. Nowadays, the laparotomy approach is progressively supplanted by the laparoscopic procedure for the same anatomical results. About sacrocolpopexy, to date it still remains details of the technique, which differ with surgical teams maintaining controversy. Among them, the choice of the meshes certainly creates debate.
Objectives: To state the basic physicochemical principles which are necessary for surgeons to select the most suitable prosthetic material to obtain the most beneficial anatomic and functional outcomes for patients.
Material and methods: The concepts of prosthetic biocompatibility, strength, shrinkage, deformation and elasticity are discussed. They are illustrated by experimental animal references and also human clinical references.
Results: Macroporous polypropylene and polyester prostheses (pore size>1 mm) are properly integrated. Collagen prosthetic coating improves tissue integration. Absorbable and nonabsorbable ultralight prostheses expose patients to a high risk of recurrence. Multifilament polyester wide pore-side prostheses have less retraction and are more flexible than monofilament polypropylene prostheses.
Discussion and conclusion: The prosthetic cut-off weight below which the mesh does not offer any guarantee of strength is not precisely known. Moreover, the benefit of weight reduction is not proved. Currently, heavy weight multifilament polyester prostheses with wide pore size, more than 1mm, appear to be the most appropriate meshes for sacrocolpopexy without vaginal incision.
Keywords: Polyester; Polypropylene; Polypropylène; Prolapse; Prolapsus; Promontofixation; Prosthesis; Prothèse; Sacrocolpopexy.
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