The push force and its perception when inserting a flexible hose laterally into a connector were investigated. Effects of hose diameter, glove, target position and obstacle condition were studied. Maximum voluntary insertion forces (MVFs) under similar working conditions were also measured. The larger the diameter, the higher the force required. The peak axial forces for the hoses of 6, 12 and 16 mm in diameter were on average respectively 94, 122 and 184 N, representing 45%, 61% and 93% of MVF. Glove condition, target position and obstacle did not significantly affect the axial insertion force and moment, but they did affect effort perception. Lower effort was perceived with gloves and high and near position. High intra- and inter-individual variability in insertion force for a given hose may suggest that feedback of successful insertion was insufficient. The recognition of a successful insertion must be ensured to avoid unnecessary extra force exertion.
Practitioner summary: The effects of glove, hose diameter, target location and obstacle on push force and its perception were studied when inserting a flexible hose. Solutions for improving the recognition of a successful insertion and the hose/connector system design must be found to reduce force exertion to safe levels.
Keywords: effort perception; force; hose insertion; maximum voluntary exertion.