Facile "living" radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of iniferter agents: homogeneous and highly efficient catalysis from copper(II) acetate

Abstract

A facile homogeneous polymerization system involving the iniferter agent 1-cyano-1-methylethyl diethyldithiocarbamate (MANDC) and copper(II) acetate (Cu(OAc)2 ) is successfully developed in bulk using methyl methacylate (MMA) as a model monomer. The detailed polymerization kinetics with different molar ratios (e.g., [MMA]0 /[MANDC]0 /[Cu(OAc)2 ]0 = 500/1/x (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0)) demonstrate that this system has the typical "living"/controlled features of "living" radical polymerization, even with ppm level catalyst Cu(OAc)2 , first order polymerization kinetics, a linear increase in molecular weight with monomer conversion and narrow molecular weight distributions for the resultant PMMA. (1) H NMR spectra and chain-extension experiments further confirm the "living" characteristics of this process. A plausible mechanism is discussed.

Keywords: copper(II) acetate; dithiocarbamate; “living” radical polymerization.