Recycling bacteria for the synthesis of LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn) nanostructures for high-power lithium batteries

Small. 2014 Oct 15;10(19):3997-4002. doi: 10.1002/smll.201400568. Epub 2014 Jun 16.

Abstract

In this work, a novel waste-to-resource strategy to convert waste bacteria into a useful class of cathode materials, lithium metal phosphate (LiMPO4; M = Fe, Mn), is presented. Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria used for removing phosphorus contamination from wastewater are harvested and used as precursors for the synthesis of LiMPO4. After annealing, LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 nanoparticles with dimensions around 20 nm are obtained. These particles are found to be enveloped in a carbon layer with a thickness around 3-5 nm, generated through the decomposition of the organic matter from the bacterial cell cytoplasm. The battery performance for the LiFePO4 is evaluated. A high discharge capacity of 140 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C with a flat plateau located at around 3.5 V is obtained. In addition, the synthesized particles display excellent stability and rate capabilities. Even under a high C rate of 10 C, a stable discharge capacity of 75.4 mAh g(-1) can still be achieved.

Keywords: bacteria; energy storage; lithium metal phosphates; nanostructures; waste recycling.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbon / chemistry
  • Cytoplasm / metabolism
  • Electric Power Supplies*
  • Electrochemistry
  • Electrodes
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism*
  • Iron / chemistry*
  • Lithium / chemistry*
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Nanoparticles
  • Nanostructures / chemistry*
  • Nanotechnology
  • Phosphates / chemistry*
  • Powders
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • LiFePO4
  • Phosphates
  • Powders
  • Carbon
  • Lithium
  • Iron