MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by translation inhibition or mRNA degradation. The aim of the present study was to analyze serum miRNAs modulated by hyperlipidemia and/or hyperglycemia and to correlate them with biochemical parameters within lipid metabolism. Five selected circulating miRNAs (miR-125a-5p, miR-146a, miR-10a, miR-21 and miR-33a) were individually analyzed by TaqMan miRNA assays along with lipid and inflammation parameters in sera from 20 hyperlipidemic (HL) and/or hyperglycemic (HG) patients, and compared with data from five normolipidemic/normoglycemic subjects. Results showed: (1) the levels of all the analyzed circulating miRNA were increased in HL sera and correlated positively with sera's lipid and inflammatory parameters; (2) circulating miR-125a-5p and miR-146a levels were increased in HG and/or HL sera; (3) all selected miRNAs were detected in α-lipoprotein fraction from sera, and miR-33a was also present in β-lipoprotein fraction; (4) miRNA concentrations were increased in the α-lipoprotein fraction from HL sera. These data show a statistically significant correlation of the analyzed miRNA with increased lipids, specifically with α- and β-lipoproteins, and CRP and IL-1β levels in HL and/or HG sera, suggesting a contribution of these miRNAs to the atherosclerotic process.