Elucidating the mode of action of a typical Ras state 1(T) inhibitor

Biochemistry. 2014 Jun 24;53(24):3867-78. doi: 10.1021/bi401689w.

Abstract

The small GTPase Ras is an essential component of signal transduction pathways within the cell, controlling proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Only in the GTP-bound form does Ras interact strongly with effector molecules such as Raf-kinase, thus acting as a molecular switch. In the GTP-bound form, Ras exists in a dynamic equilibrium between at least two distinct conformational states, 1(T) and 2(T), offering different functional properties of the protein. Zn2+-cyclen is a typical state 1(T) inhibitor; i.e., it interacts selectively with Ras in conformational state 1(T), a weak effector binding state. Here we report that active K-Ras4B, which is prominently found to be mutated in human tumors, exhibits a dynamic equilibrium like H-Ras, which can be modulated by Zn2+-cyclen. The titration experiments of Ras with Zn2+-cyclen indicate a cooperatively coupled binding of the ligands to the two interaction sites on Ras that could be identified for H-Ras previously. Our data further indicate that as in state 2(T) where induced fit produces the substate 2(T)* after effector binding, a corresponding substate 1(T)* can be detected at the state 1(T) mutant Ras(T35A). The interaction of Zn2+-cyclen with Ras not only shifts the equilibrium toward the weak effector binding state 1(T) but also perturbs the formation of substate 1(T)*, thus enhancing the inhibitory effect. Although Zn2+-cyclen shows an affinity for Ras in only the millimolar range, its potency of inhibition corresponds to a competitive state 2 inhibitor with micromolar binding affinity. Thus, the results demonstrate the mode of action and potency of this class of allosteric Ras inhibitors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Coordination Complexes / pharmacology*
  • Cyclams
  • Guanosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Models, Molecular
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • raf Kinases / metabolism
  • ras Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • ras Proteins / chemistry
  • ras Proteins / genetics
  • ras Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Coordination Complexes
  • Cyclams
  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring
  • Ligands
  • Guanosine Triphosphate
  • cyclen
  • raf Kinases
  • ras Proteins