The increased prevalence of transitions between households may have implications for child asthma morbidity. We, therefore, sought to enumerate the prevalence of regularly spending nights sleeping away from home among children admitted to the hospital for asthma and to examine the relationship of nights away to asthma-related readmission. This was a population-based, prospective cohort of 774 children, aged 1-16 years, who were admitted with asthma or bronchodilator-responsive wheezing and enrolled in the Greater Cincinnati Asthma Risks Study. The study took place at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, an urban, academic children's hospital in the Midwest. The primary exposure was regularly spending nights away from home. Selected covariates included caregiver marital status, shift work, child's race, income, psychological distress, and running out of/not having medications on hand. The primary outcome was asthma-related readmission within 12 months. A total of 19 % were readmitted within 12 months. The 33 % of children that spent ≥1 night away from home per week were significantly more likely to be readmitted than those who spent no nights away (25 % vs. 16 %, p = 0.002). Spending nights away from home [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.5, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.0] and lower income (aRR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.1-6.4) were the strongest independent predictors of readmission after adjusting for child age, gender, and race, and caregiver marital status, shift work, risk of psychological distress, and running out of meds. Increased awareness of the multiple settings in which children with asthma live may help shape more comprehensive approaches to asthma care.